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Technology Roundup
1
IT MINISTER INAUGURATES NITB FIRST-EVER DATA CENTER
Federal Minister for Information and Technology, Syed Amin ul Haq, inaugurated the first ever
data center of the National Information Technology Board (NITB). The data center called
‘Staging Environment’ was built at a cost of Rs. 330 million. It comprises eight data servers with
a storage capacity of 500 terabytes. Speaking at the occasion, the IT Minister said that the state
of the art data center has been set up under the cyber security requirements. “Under this
initiative, the NITB will help establish secure testing incubation, where testing of government
institutions’ websites, mobile applications, and web portals will be possible,” the minister said.
Earlier, applications and web portals testing were carried out by the National Technology
Council (NTC) or any third party. He said that the establishment of the NITB center has
eliminated the risk of data leaks or hack. “Supported by state of the art technology, NITB’s data
center offers highly secure and effective solutions that can fulfill data security needs of
ministries. The data center services guarantee secure physical and technical infrastructure which
protects the most sensitive and critical data from every type of internal and external security
threats,” he added.
Inauguration ceremony of “Staging Environment”, Image credit:
https://twitter.com/NationalITBoard/status/1488484473851293701/photo/1
https://www.aboutpakistan.com/news/it-minister-inaugurates-nitbs-first-ever-data-
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Technology Roundup
2
PAKISTANI SCIENTIST SETS TWO WORLD RECORDS IN SOLAR
CELL TECHNOLOGY
A team comprising Pakistani and Korean scientists has developed a promising solar cell
technology that sets two new world records. A team led by Dr. SeJin Ahn, principal researcher at
the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) and consisting of Pakistani scientists, has made
this remarkable solar cell technology. Yasir Siddique, a PhD scholar at KIER and the University
of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea, has designed and fabricated solution-
processed Copper Indium Sulphur Selenide (CISSe) solar cells. The stable solution-processed,
low bandgap CISSe device perfectly works as a single cell, but could also be sandwiched with
other thin-film solar cell materials having suitable bandgap as top cell-like recently emerging
solar cell technology of Perovskite in tandem solar cell configuration. There are many types of
solar cells with varied efficiencies. The first, second and third generation of solar cells is another
way to describe them. Different types of solar cells have different efficiencies, for instance
traditional silicon cell has efficiency from 15 to 20 percent while concentrated solar cells could
be 41 percent efficient but need focused beams at one place. However, Siddique’s cell falls in the
emerging trend of tandem solar technology and is now most efficient in its category. Siddique’s
recent innovation took three years to develop and finally the CISSe only cell allows the
efficiency of 14.4 percent when it is blended with perovskite (perovskite/CISSe) cell touched
the efficiency of 23.03 percent. This is the highest efficiency as compared to all solution-
processed (perovskite/CISSe) solar cell categories. Siddique’s record efficiency solar cell has
been certified Photovoltaic test laboratory at KIER, is an ISO/IEC17025 certified test centre and
accredited by Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) which signed the ILAC-MRA
(International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation-Mutual Recognition Arrangement). The
patent is to be filed soon and the studies published in the top research journal of the world
“Energy and Environmental Science” have an impact factor of 38.532. “It is the single largest
high impact research published from KIER, Daejeon Campus in the recent times,” Yasir
Siddique said.
Source and image credit:
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Technology Roundup
3
PAKISTAN-BORN SURGEON AMONG TEAM WHO MADE HISTORY
WITH PIG-TO-HUMAN HEART TRANSPLANT
Dr Mohammad Mohiuddin, MD, who is scientific and programme director of the Cardiac
Xenotransplantation Programme at the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM),
was directly involved in the transplantation. Karachi-born Dr Mohiuddin is also one of the
leading experts on transplanting animal organs, known as xenotransplantation. He also serves as
the professor of surgery at the UMSOM. “This is the culmination of years of highly complicated
research to hone this technique in animals with survival times that have reached beyond nine
months. The FDA used our data and data on the experimental pig to authorize the transplant in
an end-stage heart disease patient who had no other treatment options,” Dr Mohiuddin said
according to a statement released by the UMSOM and the University of Maryland Medical
Centre (UMMC). He further added that the information and findings that the team came across
during the operation will benefit the medical community in the future.
Dr Mohammad Mohiuddin, programme director of the Cardiac Xenotransplantation Programme
at the University of Maryland School Of Medicine (UMSOM). Photo credit:
https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/profiles/Mohiuddin-Muhammad/
“The successful procedure provided valuable information to help the medical community
improve this potentially life-saving method in future patients,” he said. Dr Mohiuddin assisted
Dr Bartley P Griffith, MD in transplanting the pig heart into the body of David Bennett, a
Maryland resident. The transplant was a desperate highly-experimental operation agreed to by
recipient Bennett, 57, because he was dying and there was no other choice available, Bennett's
son told the Associated Press. Dr Mohiuddin received his MBBS degree from Karachi’s Dow
Medical College in 1989, according to News18.
Source:
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Technology Roundup
4
AKU INITIATES FIRST SOLAR POWER PROJECT ON THE CAMPUS
At the inauguration of the installation at the Sports Centre, President Sulaiman Shahabuddin
said, “Agha Khan Universities’s first solar power project in Pakistan is a key step forward to
realizing our environment and climate ambitions. Using renewable, clean energy brings not only
cost savings but benefits people and the planet alike”.
“We are proud to say that currently, AKU is the only university and only health care provider in
Pakistan with a publicly committed net zero carbon target” said AKU President Shahabuddin.
Our goal is to champion good stewardship of the environment: to mitigate the effects of climate
change from our activities, and support resilience in the communities we serve.”
As part of its commitment to become carbon neutral by 2030, AKU is investing in solar arrays
on its campuses in Karachi. Three new solar installations will cut the University’s carbon
footprint by more than 365,000 kg per year, the equivalent to 1.5 million kilometers travelled in
a medium sized car.
Over the last decade, solar power has become one of the cheapest electricity sources, particularly
suitable for locations such as Pakistan with a high number of sunny days. Once installed, solar
energy requires no inputs, reduces operational costs and can improve the environment for the
local community by reducing noise and air pollution.
Inauguration of solar power project at AKU
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Technology Roundup
5
NADRA CONVERTING ID CARDS INTO DIGITAL WALLETS
The National Database and Registration Authority (Nadra) is working to make the computerized
national identity cards digital wallets under the government’s Digital Pakistan vision and an
update to an already existing app will likely be made available later this year.
“In a short span, 75,000 overseas Pakistanis have processed their national identity cards (called
Nicop) from the comfort of their homes by using the app, which is supported by two-factor
authentication,” Nadra chief Tariq Malik explained.
The app is available on both Android and iOS platforms. Mr. Malik said that with the launch of
this app, Pakistan has become the first country to implement “contactless biometric” acquisition
and verification using smart phone cameras. “With successful testing on 75,000 overseas
Pakistanis, Nadra will go for a digital wallet,” he said. Explaining the features of digital wallet,
the Nadra chairman said it would be a unique digital ID.
“This innovation will revolutionize the national ID eco-system in Pakistan by ensuring public
convenience, and is a leap forward putting an end to the conventional physical ID,” he said.
https://www.bolnews.com/pakistan/2022/01/nadra-working-to-convert-
national-id-cards-into-digital-wallets/
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Technology Roundup
6
SCIENTISTS DEVELOP COVID-19 TESTING LAB IN A BACKPACK
Researchers have created a simple COVID-19 testing lab that fits into a backpack providing a
cheap and effective solution for low income or remote areas. The testing kit is based on a simple,
non-invasive Covid-19 LAMP test and uses low-cost hardware, including a centrifuge made
from recycled computer hard drives to process samples. The compact kit is relatively
inexpensive to make, costing $51 in total. It could offer an alternative testing solution for
resource-poor countries or remote areas with little access to well-equipped testing labs or trained
personnel to process samples. The LAMP test is a widely accepted alternative to the commonly
used PCR test, has a similar sensitivity but unlike the PCR test does not require temperature
cycling, only a single high temperature to amplify any potential virus RNA.
Covid-19 testing kit that fits into backpack, image credit:
https://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/2022/se/scientists-develop-covid-19-testing-lab-in-a-
backpack.html#:~:text=In%20a%20new%20study%2C%20published,make%2C%20costing%20
This allows the test to be performed with only minimal equipment and reagents. Because the
LAMP test uses saliva samples, it also avoids the need for invasive, uncomfortable nasal swabs.
However, the high costs of commercially available LAMP tests, as well as the expensive lab
equipment required to run them, means that current commercial approaches aren't suitable for
remote locations, or in-home testing. According to the researchers, next steps will include
making the kit instructions even more understandable so that people can use them regardless of
their experience or language, as well as validating the kit with real patient samples. So, whilst
this approach holds promise, further work is needed before the system can be implemented in
real-world environments, Professor Smoukov said.
Source:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220126143943.htm
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Technology Roundup
7
ROBOT PERFORMS FIRST LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY WITHOUT
HUMAN HELP
A robot has performed laparoscopic surgery on the soft tissue of a pig without the guiding hand
of a human; a significant step in robotics towards fully automated surgery on humans. Designed
by a team of Johns Hopkins University researchers, the Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot
(STAR) is described today in
Science Robotics
. The robot excelled at intestinal anastomosis, a
procedure that requires a high level of repetitive motion and precision. Connecting two ends of
an intestine is arguably the most challenging step in gastrointestinal surgery, requiring a surgeon
to suture with high accuracy and consistency. Even the slightest hand tremor or misplaced stitch
can result in a leak that could have catastrophic complications for the patient. Working with
collaborators at the Children's National Hospital in Washington, D.C. and Jin Kang, a Johns
Hopkins professor of electrical and computer engineering, Krieger helped create the robot, a
vision-guided system designed specifically to suture soft tissue. Their current iteration advances
a 2016 model that repaired a pig's intestines accurately, but required a large incision to access the
intestine and more guidance from humans. Soft-tissue surgery is especially hard for robots
because of its unpredictability, forcing them to be able to adapt quickly to handle unexpected
obstacles, Krieger said.
The STAR has a novel control system that can adjust the surgical plan in real time, just as a
human surgeon would. "What makes the STAR special is that it is the first robotic system to
plan, adapt, and execute a surgical plan in soft tissue with minimal human intervention," Krieger
said
Image credit:
https://todayheadline.co/robot-performs-first-laparoscopic-surgery-without-human-
Source:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220126143954.htm
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Technology Roundup
8
NOVEL NANOANTIBIOTICS KILL BACTERIA WITHOUT HARMING
HEALTHY CELLS
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates more than 2.8 million
Americans experience antibiotic-resistant infections each year. To address this critical issue,
researchers recently investigated whether a series of novel nanoparticles can kill some pathogens
that lead to infection without affecting healthy cells. Past research has shown that hydrophobicity
(a molecule's ability to repel water) and hydrophilicity (a molecule's ability to attract and
dissolve in water) affects cells; the more hydrophobic a substance is, the more adverse the
reaction it will cause.
However, Liang said, there is no quantitative standard for how much hydrophobicity is
acceptable. "Basically, you can kill bacteria when you increase hydrophobicity," Liang said. "But
it will also kill healthy cells, and we don't want that." For their study, the Liang team used novel
hydrophilic nanoparticles known as nanoantibiotics that were developed by Liang's laboratory.
Structurally speaking, these novel nanoantibiotics resemble tiny hairy spheres, each composed of
many hydrophilic polymer brushes grafted onto silica nanoparticles of different sizes. These
synthetic compounds, which Liang's lab produces, are designed to kill bacteria via membrane
disruptions like antimicrobial peptides do, but through a different mode of membrane remodeling
that damages bacterial membranes and not mammalian cells.
Antimicrobial peptides are a diverse class of amphipathic molecules (partially hydrophilic-
partially hydrophobic), which occur naturally and serve as the first line of defense for all
multicellular organisms. The direct use of antimicrobial peptides as antibiotics is limited by their
stability and toxicity.
Image credit:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27193-9
Source:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220120091216.htm
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Technology Roundup
9
NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT CAN PREVENT TRADITIONAL SURGERY
There is a new treatment possibility, precisely targeting health problems that often lie deep
within the body without the need for invasive traditional surgery. The pioneering field of
interventional radiology is opening up new treatment possibilities, precisely targeting health
problems that often lie deep within the body – without the need for invasive traditional surgery.
Diagnostic and interventional radiologist and the founder of The Microsurgery Dr. Gary
Sudwarts, who practices at a number of Netcare hospitals, said: “Today, micro-invasive
treatments are helpful for a wide range of conditions, from fibroids, prostatic enlargement,
advanced pelvic cancers, and delivering cancer treatments to a diverse array of interventional
radiology procedures in the chest and abdomen.”
Using imaging equipment, including specialized x-rays, a thin catheter wire is inserted into an
artery through a tiny puncture in the patient’s skin and carefully directed to the relevant site in
the body for treatment. In the case of artery embolisation procedures, tiny particles are released
at the site to starve the lesion of blood supply, causing it to wither and become harmless. Chemo-
embolisation procedures deliver a dose of chemotherapy right to the blood vessels supplying the
tumor.
Image credit:
https://innotechtoday.com/surgery-tech/
Source:
https://www.citizen.co.za/news/3007308/new-radio-technology-that-can-prevent-
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Technology Roundup
10
FUEL CELLS AND GAME-CHANGING TECH TO REMOVE 99% OF
CARBON DIOXIDE FROM AIR
Yan, Henry Belin du Pont Chair of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, has been working
for some time to improve hydroxide exchange membrane (HEM) fuel cells, an economical and
environment friendly alternative to traditional acid-based fuel cells used today. But HEM fuel
cells have a shortcoming that has kept them off the road as they are extremely sensitive to carbon
dioxide in the air. Essentially, the carbon dioxide makes it hard for a HEM fuel cell to breathe.
This defect quickly reduces the fuel cell's performance and efficiency by up to 20%, rendering
the fuel cell no better than a gasoline engine.
Yan's research group has been searching for a workaround for this carbon dioxide conundrum for
over 15 years. A few years back, the researchers realized this disadvantage might actually be a
solution for carbon dioxide removal. "Once we dug into the mechanism, we realized the fuel
cells were capturing just about every bit of carbon dioxide that came into them, and they were
really good at separating it to the other side," said Brian Setzler, assistant professor for research
in chemical and biomolecular engineering and paper co-author. While this isn't good for the fuel
cell, the team knew if they could leverage this built-in "self-purging" process in a separate device
upstream from the fuel cell stack, they could turn it into a carbon dioxide separator. "It turns out
our approach is very effective. We can capture 99% of the carbon dioxide out of the air in one
pass if we have the right design and right configuration," said Yan.
Image credit:
https://darik.news/delaware/new-game-changing-technology-removes-99-of-co2-
from-the-air/202202491100.html
Source
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220203161122.htm
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Technology Roundup
11
BREAKTHROUGH IN CONVERTING CARBON DIOXIDE INTO FUEL
USING SOLAR ENERGY
A research team has shown how solar power can convert carbon dioxide into fuel, by using
advanced materials and ultra-fast laser spectroscopy. The breakthrough could be an important
piece of the puzzle in reducing the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in the future.
The sunlight that hits Earth during one hour corresponds roughly to humanity's total energy
consumption for an entire year. Our global carbon dioxide emissions are also increasing. Using
the sun's energy to capture greenhouse gases and converting it into fuel or another useful
chemical, is a research focus for many today. However, there is still no satisfactory solution, but
an international research team has now revealed a possible way forward. "The study uses a
combination of materials that absorb sunlight and use its energy to convert carbon dioxide. With
the help of ultra-fast laser spectroscopy, we have mapped exactly what happens in that process,"
says Tönu Pullerits, a chemistry researcher. "The conversion to carbon monoxide requires two
electrons. When we discovered that photons with blue light create long-lived electrons with high
energy levels, we could simply charge COF (covalent organic framework) with electrons and
complete a reaction," says Kaibo Zheng, a chemistry researcher. "We have completed two initial
steps with two electrons. Before we can start thinking about a carbon dioxide converter, many
more steps need to be taken, and probably even our first two must be refined. But we have
identified a very promising direction to take," concludes Tönu Pullerits.
Tönu Pullerits and Kaibo Zheng demonstrating the laser spectroscopy setup used in the study
(image credit:
https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/article/breakthrough-converting-co2-fuel-using-
Source:
https://www.technologynetworks.com/tn/news/breakthrough-for-conversion-of-co2-to-
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Technology Roundup
12
INTRODUCING NIKOLA, THE EMOTIONAL ANDROID KID
Researchers from the RIKEN Guardian Robot Project in Japan have made an android child
named Nikola that successfully conveys six basic emotions. The new study, published
in Frontiers in Psychology, tested how well people could identify six facial expressions—
happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust—which were generated by moving
“muscles” in Nikola’s face. This is the first time that the quality of android-expressed emotion
has been tested and verified for these six emotions.
Inside Nikola’s face are 29 pneumatic actuators that control the movements of artificial muscles.
Another 6 actuators control head and eyeball movements. Pneumatic actuators are controlled by
air pressure, which makes the movements silent and smooth. The team placed the actuators based
on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which has been used extensively to study facial
expressions. Past research has identified numerous facial action units—such as ‘cheek raiser’ and
‘lip pucker’—that comprise typical emotions such as happiness or disgust, and the researchers
incorporated these action units in Nikola’s design.
“In the short term, androids like Nikola can be important research tools for social psychology or
even social neuroscience,” says Sato. “Compared with human confederates, androids are good at
controlling behaviors and can facilitate rigorous empirical investigation of human social
interactions.” As an example, the researchers asked people to rate the naturalness of Nikola’s
emotions as the speed of his facial movements was systematically controlled. They researchers
found that the most natural speed was slower for some emotions like sadness than it was for
others like surprise.
The facial expressions produced by the android Nikola for six basic emotions, image credit:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.800657/full
Source:
https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2022/20220210_1/index.html
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Technology Roundup
13
USING THE EYE AS A WINDOW INTO HEART DISEASE
Scientists have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system that can analyze eye scans taken
during a routine visit to an optician or eye clinic and identify patients at a high risk of a heart
attack. Doctors have recognized that changes to the tiny blood vessels in the retina are indicators
of broader vascular disease, including problems with the heart. In the research, deep learning
techniques were used to train an AI system to automatically read retinal scans and identify those
people who, over the following year, were likely to have a heart attack. In the research, led by
the University of Leeds, deep learning techniques were used to train the AI system to
automatically read retinal scans and identify those people who, over the following year, were
likely to have a heart attack. Deep learning is a complex series of algorithms that enable
computers to identify patterns in data and to make predictions. Writing in the journal
Nature
Machine Intelligence
, the researchers report that the AI system had an accuracy of between 70%
and 80% and could be used as a second referral mechanism for in-depth cardiovascular
investigation.
The use of deep learning in the analysis of retinal scans could revolutionize the way patients are
regularly screened for signs of heart disease.
A scan of the eye can be a window into heart health, image credit:
technology/news/article/5000/ai-can-identify-heart-disease-from-an-eye-scan
Source:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220125112548.htm
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Technology Roundup
14
NEW TECHNIQUE WILL IMPROVE THE CONSTRUCTION OF ICE
ROADS AND BRIDGES
A new study found that measuring the time it takes for a radar pulse to travel from a satellite to
the sea surface and back again can reveal the thickness of river ice and dates when it is safe to
travel on ice roads and bridges in Arctic regions.
Many northern communities in Canada rely on the network of ice roads built on frozen lakes and
rivers to transport goods and for food security. However, the sustainability of these roads is at
risk due to climate warming causing shorter ice seasons and thinner ice. Researchers from the
University of Waterloo used the technique called radar altimetry, which also helps in
understanding the ways frozen rivers enhance interconnection and supplies to various cities with
ice covers. River ice is a major component of the planet's ecosystem that plays a key role in the
functioning of the aquatic system and affects the operation of hydropower stations as well as
construction and navigation. Researchers from the University of Waterloo used the technique
called radar altimetry, which also helps in understanding the ways frozen rivers enhance
interconnection and supplies to various cities with ice covers. River ice is a major component of
the planet's ecosystem that plays a key role in the functioning of the aquatic system and affects
the operation of hydropower stations as well as construction and navigation. The study shows
that various factors can affect the radar return echoes and consequently the accuracy of the river
ice thickness retrievals in arctic regions. "One of the main advantages of satellite altimetry
compared with imaging synthetic aperture radar is the relative ease in processing the
measurements over the large hemispheric-scale domain," Duguay said.
Image credit:
https://uwaterloo.ca/news/media/new-technique-will-improve-construction-ice-
Source:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220210084948.htm
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Technology Roundup
15
NEW RESEARCH AT AUSTRALIA AIMS TO END THE
REFRIGERATION OF VACCINES
The World Health Organization estimates that at least 50 % of vaccines are wasted globally each
year, with a lack of facilities and temperature control the major cause. Recently published
in Acta Biomaterialia, CSIRO researchers encapsulated live virus vaccines with a dissolvable
crystalline material called MOFs (metal organic frameworks), which protected the integrity of
the vaccines for up to 12 weeks and at temperatures as high as 37 degrees Celsius. Without
refrigeration the vaccines would otherwise last only a few days. CSIRO scientist and
immunologist, Dr Daniel Layton, said the breakthrough science would now focus on proving the
approach
for
other
animal
and
human
vaccines,
including
mRNA
COVID-19
vaccines. “Vaccination is undoubtedly one of the most effective medical interventions, saving
millions of lives each year, however delivering vaccines, particularly to developing countries, is
challenging because they often lack the cold storage supply chains required to keep the vaccine
viable,” Dr Layton said.
Dr Daniel Layton at CSIROs ACDP (image credit:
"This breakthrough has the potential to enable more affordable and equitable access to vaccines
across the world.” The research focused on two different types of live viruses as proofs of
concept, a Newcastle Disease vaccine designed to protect poultry and a strain of Influenza A.
When MOFs were formed around the vaccines they helped protect the vaccine molecules from
heat stress. A solution was then used that dissolved the MOF for administration of the
vaccine. CSIRO senior scientist Dr Cara Doherty said MOFs were the perfect material for
protecting vaccines from temperature variations.
Source:
https://www.csiro.au/en/news/News-releases/2022/News-Release-CSIRO-Research-to-
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Technology Roundup
16
FORTHCOMING TECH EVENTS
1st international conference on Plant
Protection Sciences (ICPPS-2022)
Sindh Agriculture University,
Tandojam
Start date: 2022-03-29
End date: 2022-03-30
International Conference (ONLINE)
for Emerging Scholars on: Evolving
Dynamics of Non-traditional Security
Issues: National and International
Perspectives
Start date: 2022-03-29
End date: 2022-03-31
International Conference on Marine
Science and Aquaculture (ICMSA)
Karachi
Start date: 2022-03-01
End date: 2022-03-02
http://universal-
conference.com/Conference/25647/ICMSA/
Annual Congress on Soil and Water
Conservation (ACSWC)
Rawalpindi
Start date: 2022-03-05
End date: 2022-03-06
http://worldresearchsociety.com/Confer
ence/33222/ACSWC/
International conference on latest
Medical research and Development
Quetta
Start date: 2022-04-16
End date: 2022-04-17
http://universal-
conference.com/Conference/25804/ICMRD/
Conferences to be held in May 2022 and
onwards
International Conference: Language,
Literature, Literacy: COVID and
Post-COVID Times
Start date: 2022-05-10
End date: 2022-05-12
International
Conference
on
Strengthening Teaching and Research
Capacity: Collaborative Partnership
in Social Sciences
Start date: 2022-08-16
End date: 2022-08-18
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Technology Roundup
17
TECH AND TRADE OFFERS
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About S.M.B. Marble
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reputation of providing high-quality service
following an innovative development in the
Natural
Stone
business
in
Pakistan.
Furthermore, thanks to its own complete
manufacturing site designed by Italian firm,
S.M.B. Marble turns out to be one of the leading
marble tiles manufacturer in Pakistan.
Our products:
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